Breeding (excretion) of cannabises from a human body usually occupies some days. The basic psychotropic component of a hemp - a cannabis a THC - after receipt in blood is exposed at once to influence of hepatic cytochrome P450 and the delta 9 THC (11 IT a THC) is oxidised to primary psychoawake 11 . The further oxidation (under influence ) 11 IT will transform a THC to a final not psychoawake product - 11 holes delta 9 THC 9 acid (THC ). Oxidation goes very fast rates: already later 30 minutes after smoking concentration THC in a blood plasma 11 IT exceeds concentration a THC. However removal oxidised a THC from an organism descends far not quickly: for 72 hours 50 % of the consumed dose, and for 5-7 days - about 90 % leave only. Sensitive methods of analysis (immune and GH/MS) allow to find the oxidised cannabises in urine after some weeks after the use; The standard test (with threshold level of detecting no more than 100 ng/ml) is capable to reveal THC within 1-3 days at incidental and within a week at the chronic use of cannabises.

Bong (from Thai - «a water tube») - the adaptation for smoking of marihuana, an Indochina parentage. In an initial variant represents a bamboo tube in length apprx. 5-7 sm; the inferior part of a tube is closed by a septum, top is open. In the inferior part, at height of 3-5 sm from a bottom, the foramen into which the funneled calyx for marihuana is inserted is made. The smoke aspiration is carried out through the top part. Before smoking in a bong it is recommended to fill in a small amount of water for smoke refrigerating. The western variant of a bong is made of a plastic bottle.

The foramen for a smoke aspiration is burnt from below, a cup for marihuana do of a screw stopper, cutting off top and inserting instead of it the made a hole foil or a pipe net. Advantage of such device consists that it is easy for collecting from improvised stuffs in field conditions. The basic lacks - that bottle plastic and the cigarette foil often used for manufacturing of a bong, at heating excrete the toxics which are extremely hazardous to health.

Marihuana - the Mexican name (a female plant) a hemp of a sowing campaign and its dryed up racemes used for smoking. The tradition of the use of marihuana has been extended in Mexico from XVII century the Mexican immigrants have brought it in the USA.

New intoxicating means quickly has won popularity in the conditions of the dry law: it was cheap and accessible as the hemp was much cultivated in the USA for technical needs. In 1930 years smoking of racemes of a hemp has started to extend among white youth of the USA. The authorities of many states have introduced an interdiction for marihuana, however in conditions when the hemp grew everywhere, no interdictions worked. The exit from this position has been found by the first commissioner of the USA on Harry Anslingerom’s drugs. It managed to push through the Senate the law about «the Tax to marihuana” which has made a hemp growing economically unprofitable. The senators, passing this law, did not see communication between marihuana and a hemp: they voted for the measures confining diffusion of a dangerous drug. As a result hemp sowings in the USA were considerably are reduced, marihuana became less accessible and has risen in price so, that could not compete to alcohol any more. Now “marihuana” officially name the dried racemes of a hemp delivered on «the black market» in whole (see Interestingly, that communication between this product and a hemp plant is obvious till now far not to all. For marihuana manufacturing with dead-ripe racemes or the whole plants suspend the cut off branches headfirst in a shade. At moderate humidity and good air circulation drying usually occupies three four days. The preparation is considered ready when racemes dry up to an elastic consistence: they are easily rumpled by dactyls, but do not crumble. The mass of dried racemes should compound about 14 % of mass of the fresh. The content of psychotropic materials in marihuana reaches 13-15 % (earlier these sizes were much more low: 0,5-11 %). The highest percent a THC contains in - a product from the unfertilized female racemes which have generated false seeds.

Presence in a ready product of a considerable quantity of mature seeds testifies that in it cannabis which psychotropic properties approximately in 10 times are weaker prevails, than at a THC. To store marihuana follows in opaque ware with dense, but an occluded cover; the best variant - tins and faience pots from under tea. In tight packaging marihuana gets a musty odour and easily moulds; in transparent and leaky occluded quickly loses a fortress as the THC cankers under the influence of light and oxygen.

THC (delta 9 ) - one of the basic cannabises. The delta 8 THC, particulate in a kind and analogues (see ) and acids contains in racemes and hemp leaves, particulate in the form of an isomer.

Reaches the maximum concentration in a blooming period; after blossom dust shunt (at a common hemp) or fertilizations (at ) it will gradually be transformed in . The content a THC in marihuana fluctuates from 0,5 to 15 %, in hashish - from 2 to 10 %. A THC - the first (and for today unique) a cannabis permitted for medical application.

The preparations containing a synthetic THC ( and its analogues), are used in the USA, Canada and the Western Europe for knocking over of by-effects of chemiotherapy at a cancer and for struggle against a syndrome of loss of weight at AIDS. Last researches testify that the given preparation also can be effective at a glaucoma, syndrome , phantom pains and some other diseases which are not giving in to treatment by means of other medical products. However studying of medical properties a THC in many respects restrains what the given cannabis possesses strong psychotropic action? Also is the main psychodelic agent of preparations of a hemp.

In the pure state it can invoke a number of unpleasant by-effects (dizziness, hallucinations, causeless alarm and pavor). In natural preparations negative effects a THC are quenched by other cannabises in this connection their method often gives to the patient pleasure and bears to euphoria. From the point of view of modern medicine, it is extremely undesirable, as can serve as the cause for abuse by a preparation.

Simeon’s hemp - suitable for sowing, should have humidity not above 13 %, normal colour for a kind and shine and whole covers without maculae, damages and fractures. The seed grain of a hemp received as a result of harvesting by a reaper or a combine, usually contains many admixings and has the raised humidity. Therefore after thrashing seeds are subject to pre-cleaning, drying, definitive clearing and sorting. To preliminary clearing apply general purpose grain-cleaning machines ( 10, 20). Drying is effected on covered sheds where seeds scatter a layer in the thickness of 3-10 sm and periodically shovel to avoid self-warming. In crude weather and at the raised humidity of seeds it is recommended to apply grain driers with temperature not above 40-45. Definitive clearing is effected on OS grain cleaners 4,5, 5, etc.; sorting - on a pneumatic picking table (the PROGRAM STATUS WORD 1,5 or 2,5). On sowing qualities hemp seeds share on 3 classes, depending on weediness and germinating capacity (Germinating capacity see it is possible to define by sprouting of 1000 seeds. Seeds with germinating capacity below 75 % are considered as the sub-standard. The important indicator of quality of an inoculum - (mass of 1000 seeds) which should correspond to the parametres provided for the given kind. At hemp cultivars seeds compounds 9-26 g/1000 piece; at its decrease more low 8 g/1000 piece it is possible to draw breeding, that the given kind grows wild or degenerates. At feral forms (including a hemp weedy) seeds fluctuates from 2 to 8 g/1000 pieces According to researches of the Institute of bast crops, among seeds of the same kind large have higher germinating capacity, than small.

The attention, memory and ability to training Symptoms of infringement of informative processes include attention decrease, memory impairment and abilities to logic conclusions. Hooker and Jones (1987) have found, that the unitary intoxication cannabis worsens attention and memory indicators. In this double blind research on «skilled consumers» (speaking on , chain smokers of a hemp) the standardised cigarettes containing a THC in number of 1,2 % from gross weight were used.

Control “placeboes” of a cigarette did not contain a THC, but in the rest were identical, so these effects can be attributed only . From this work also is admissible to draw breeding, that the intoxication a hemp at skilled consumers most strongly affects information processing in variating conditions, and on habitual, stereotypic activity of essential influence does not render. Cohen and Rickles (1974) reporting about tolerance growth to sharp (.

Concerning attention, memory and informative function) to infringements at the persons regularly abusing a hemp. Infringement of motor functions Experimental researches have shown negative influence of a hemp on psychomotor functions, for example, - on ability to car driving, control of airplane or the industrial equipment (certainly, all experiments were spent on training apparatus, instead of in the conditions of real activity). Even at «skilled consumers» time of reaction and ability of the decision of complex camera problems of phylum of tracing of object or attention division between several processes (Barnett, Licko and Thompson, 1985) worsens. In this work essential infringements have been noted in all assays, and functions were normalised only in 10 12 hours after smoking of one standardised cigarette with marihuana. Dependence At the person are possible both mental, and physical dependence on cannabis (Georgotas and Zeidenburg 1979, Compton et al 1990); also it has been described (Jones and Benowitz, 1976).

According to the modern concept of dependence (Edwards et al. 1981, the American Psychiatric Association, 1994), the main question on which it is necessary to answer - whether can lead hashish use to a strong habit, to a painful concentration on a drug, and problems with abandoning of it, despite desire to stop method? It is represented, that within the limits of such this point of view now there are sufficient certificates, that clinically distinct syndrome of dependence on a hemp exists. From 5 to 10 % of the consumers regularly using a hemp within 6 months and more, get dependence on it (the quantity see On probability of occurrence of dependence the dosing and directions of use in the given population influence. Mental distresses at cannabis cancellation * Most the general sign of a syndrome of cancellation - a sleeplessness. Its weight can vary from several nights on end absolutely without a sleep about several months when the sleeplessness arises from time to time. * other frequent symptom - depression (if only using will not run into painful euphoria), and then - nightmares and bright sleeps. Marihuana tends to depress dreams, therefore when the person is cleared of it, sleeps come back with the doubled force. It can be brightly imbued, emotionally packed sleeps or the nightmares sometimes accepted as a reality.

Having woken up and then again having fallen asleep, you again get to the same sleep. These nightly bright sleeps usually arise approximately in a week after abandoning of a drug and proceed about one month, and then gradually come to naught.

* Sleeps «with the use» (sleeps at which there is a marihuana smoking) happen very often and can proceed throughout several years, though and with smaller brightness, than in the first weeks; they are considered as the normal phenomenon for recover. * the fourth most the general symptom - irritability. It can vary for gradually accruing rage against constant irritability before subitaneous flashes of uncontrollable anger: anger for the whole world, anger on relatives, anger on itself - that has conceived a liking for a drug and that has refused it. Emotional peaks with the senses which are rushing about between depression, anger and euphoria, arise constantly. Sometimes there are senses of alarm or disturbing, loss of sense of humour, decrease in a sexual appetence or increase of a sexual appetence. The majority of these emotions is normalised within three months.

* Infringements of attention within the first weeks also it is very extended and sometimes during the short season even deprives of possibility to study Physical distresses * the Most frequent physical symptom - headaches. At those who them suffers, they can proceed from several weeks before couple of months, and to be very intensive in the first some days. Other often meeting distress - night , sometimes such strong, that it is necessary to change linen. It can last from several nights about one month or about that. - one of natural pathes of a body for disposal of toxins. palms also it meets often and accompanied unpleasant has begun to smell from arms. An odour from a body strong enough that in many cases the additional shower or a bath were necessary. * cough with - other path which the body clears itself. It can last during from several weeks about kind six months. * Third of the addicts answering questionnaire on a detoxication, have specified, that had problems with digestion within first several days (some - about six weeks). The main symptoms were appetite loss (sometimes sufficient for time loss of weight), stomachal gripes after meal, diarrheas and a nausea (sometimes with vomiting - is not more long than one two days). The majority of problems with digestion pass within a month. * bunch of physical distresses following on frequency - a tremor (shiver) or jolting, and also dizziness. There are pains in a back, an impotence, infringements of hormonal balance, immunodefence decrease, constant weariness, and insignificant infringements of sight which pass during 2 months less often.

The hemp - «narcotism gate» is often discussed a question on, whether the hemp “collars” for a narcotism, can be. To be a drug sharply increasing probability of transition to other narcotics. Now there is no scientific proof to that the hemp has specific property to provoke abuse by other phylums of drugs. In other words, in this respect the hemp is not more dangerous some tobacco or alcohol.

On the other hand, it is necessary to recognise (and the majority of people noticed it in the ordinary life), that regular method of any psychoawake material increases probability of the beginning of the use of other psychoawake materials (for example, among non-smoking teenagers frequency of the use of alcohol incomparably is less in comparison with smokers). Probably, this phenomenon has biological mechanisms in the basis, however meanwhile their presence is not proved. More likely, it is possible to explain it phenomena of socially psychologic order. Psychologic “barrier” before method of the materials which consumption is not welcomed by a society simply decreases. To difficultly itself to present, that never earlier smoking psychologic safe 15 summer teenager suddenly will start to be pricked by heroin. But it can easily try tobacco. The teenager who began to smoke daily half-packs of cigarettes, with probability will begin will become interested in beer, than yet not trying to smoke it a companion. If for the guy two three bottles of beer in a week have turned to norm, to it psychologic to try «the easy drug» a hemp much easier. Accordingly, to the inveterate consumer of a hemp also to “jump” on heroin as he has already got used to that as so regularly accepts the forbidden psychoawake material easier. Here an illustration from life - one of a heroin of addicts so has described a starting point of the disease: «With 9 a class I smoked a hemp, but the addict of did not feel. So, time in one two weeks plaid about. Heroin to use did not want, as perceived, in what it results (the young man was from monogynopaedium of doctors and has just passed examinations in medical But once I have come on« a point »behind a grass package, and its this day it has not appeared. I was in good mood after successfully handed over examinations and already« was adjusted »on a high. Annoyed, I have aloud told, not addressing to anybody in particular:« Today I even would be slipped by heroin ». It was enough that me at once have provided with a dose.» In two months it already had physical dependence on heroin. Recently, when the use of heroin among teenagers in large cities has ceased to be a rarity, transition to heroin from alcohol or even the beginning of narcotic career directly from heroin, passing both a hemp, and alcohol, meets much more often. However nevertheless in most cases the first method of heroin is preceded all the same by acquaintance to a hemp.

Psychodelic revolution - change of mass consciousness with the help the psychotechnician, a psychodelics and psychodelic art. The revolution purpose - «consciousness dilating» mankind, perfection of human abilities and building of such society where spiritual and scientific interests will prevail over economic and status.

The ideology of psychodelic revolution was generated in the USA in the early sixties hemp Preparations play it a role «small a psychodelics», which in itself do not dilate consciousness, buildings «conditions and installations» for its dilating however promote. All leading figures and theorists of revolution (including Timoti Leary) encourage the marihuana use, and the founder of “Neo-American Kleptoniansky Church Psihodelistov» Art Kleps names it «a small participle» (LSD is meant «the big participle»). «At the periodic use in a ritual context and in the presence of expectations of transformation of the consciousness, enhanced by culture of consumption, the hemp is capable to invoke almost all psychodelic effects which are peculiar hallucinogens», culturologist Terens Makkena, summing up writes to psychodelic revolution in the work «Nutrition of Gods».

In the USA psychodelic revolution descended from the middle of 1960th at awake participation of locomotion of hippie. «The summer of love» (1967) became revolution peak, and then it has gone on recession. In Europe similar process took place in 1970, and in Russia - in 1990th Revolution has not invoked radical rearrangement of mass consciousness, but has made considerable changes to cultural and social life of the countries where it has taken place. One of its most obvious consequences is the wide circulation of the use of a psychotropic hemp? In regions where this mean of intoxication was not earlier traditional.

The first stage of development of grassy plants, from germination before occurrence of the second pair the present leaves, marking itself the beginning of a stage of growth. At a hemp passes for some days in this connection on an open ground not always it is possible to make . From located between cotyledons first pair of the present leaves consisting from wide, pointed to end and jagged along the edges of plate develops. Then cotyledons wither and fall down, and from a bosom of the first pair there is second pair of the present leaves consisting of three blades. Thus the stalk should be within 5-10 see

If it is not enough light, he grows more long, that further can is negative affect its durability. In hothouse conditions this lack is easy for correcting - enough to establish a reflector or to place pots is more spacious.

On an open ground at growth of shoots above 10 sm it is necessary to thin out plants. Fructification Fructification - the period of a life of plants in which there is a formation and distribution of seeds. Hemp fruits - seeds of the oval form in a rigid two-folding cover - develop from the pollinated pistillate flowers and ripen within 30-60 days. Maturing occurs non-uniformly on inflorescence height, and rupture between its beginning and the end can make from 25 till 40 days.

The ripened seeds are showered on the earth, winter under a layer of leaves and stalks, and give new shoots in the spring.

plants soon dry up and die. In fructification the maximum is required to a hemp?, necessary for formation and maturing of seeds; requirement for nitrogen? And phosphorus?, On the contrary, a little bit more low, than during the previous periods. However top dressing is expedient for applying only when signs of potash insufficiency are appreciable. Much more important problem during this period - protection of plants against birds, mice and rats which can cause a considerable damage to a crop.

It is not less important to have time to reap a crop while the majority of seeds has already ripened, but has not had time to be showered yet. Cleaning of a hemp (on a fibre and seeds) is made for bilaterial use at maturing not less than 70 % of 80 % of seeds; at fuller maturing begins plentiful . With the fructification beginning a psychotropic cannabis the THC containing in inflorescences and leaves of a hemp, gradually decays, turning to much less active cannabis . At not impregnated plants the maintenance the THC does not decrease; of colours are formed , which then develop in false seeds (see Germination of seeds Germination of seeds of a hemp demands a moisture, oxygen and heat.

The first and the second is provided with properties of soil (humidity, friability of the top layer), the third - soil temperature (not more low +8. At germination seeds absorb about 50 % of a moisture on absolutely dry weight, duration of swelling about 40 hours. Reference temperature of germination +1. After absorption of a moisture from a seed the back gets under way and goes deep into soil, and then on a surface leave fleshy oval or cotyledons which quickly turn green.

The sprouted hemp maintains frosts to 4oC, at 6oC the majority of plants perishes. From crops before occurrence of shoots there pass approximately 10 days, the necessary sum of daily average temperatures nearby 120oC. Flowering of man’s and female plants of a hemp Flowering of man’s and female plants of a hemp (see and ) occurs in different terms. Man’s plants usually start to blossom in 8-9 weeks after crops. Terms of their flowering practically do not depend on duration of light day, they cannot neither be slowed down, nor to accelerate. In cases when presence of man’s plants on a site is undesirable, they need to be removed before flowers will be dismissed. Flowering of female plants begins for two four weeks later, than at man’s (at grades - almost simultaneously). Flowering terms are influenced by duration of dark time of days: usually starts to blossom, when night is extended more than at 1 o’clock (in an average strip of Russia - the beginning of August). In the conditions of a hothouse flowering can be accelerated or slowed down by change of duration of continuous illumination. Flowering in this case begins in 8-14 days after installation of the necessary light mode. In some weeks from the flowering beginning on female plants seeds start to be fastened.

From the beginning of flowering before maturing of seeds there passes about 60 days, the necessary sum of daily average temperatures of air about 1100 wasps.

Drugs (narcotics), 1. Strong preparations of deafening and anaesthetising action (, cocaine, an aether, chloroform, nitrogen, , etc.). Are applied at surgical operations and in therapy of sharp states. The frequent use of the same narcotic invokes habituation (tolerance see) and can lead to a narcotism. Now this term is considered become outdated; narcotics name «» or “anaesthesia” is more often.

2. The intoxicating materials forbidden for not medical use. According to definition of the world Organization of Public health services, the drug considers any material corresponding three to criteria: medical (it has specific an effect on the central excitatory system, leading to its not medical use), social (this not medical use gets social value) and legal (the special instance recognised as its narcotic and has included in the conforming list).

According to lists I and IV «the Uniform Convention on narcotics» (the United Nations see) «cannabis, pitch of cannabis and extracts (the oil extract, the Dairy extract see) and cannabis tinctures” are drugs and should fall under action of all articles of national antinarcotic laws. Nevertheless, in legal practice of many countries of Europe psy_hemp psychotropic preparations of a hemp concern bunch «Easy drugs”, sanctions on which are much softer, rather than on so-called to “Heavy drugs”.

«A brotherhood of eternal love» - the organisation of the American hippies based in 1966 in (California, the USA). Its sources had a well-known ideologist of psychodelic culture Timoti Leary, the rich dealer the real estate Bill Hitchcock, biochemist Ron Stark and Cambridge student-chemist Richard Kemp. The organisation was engaged in “consciousness dilating» the American youth by means of (all for years of its existence it has been sold about 20 kg), but was soon enough relaid to diffusion of other psychotropic materials, including products from a hemp.

In 1968 scouts of the Brotherhood have reached the Afghani city of Kandahar and have got acquainted with aboriginal businessmen brothers who have agreed to deliver them hemp on a constant basis. The same year Afghanistan was visited by Glenn Lind, one of the first members of the Brotherhood. It has arrived on the second-hand minibus bought in Germany, has got of 60 kg at brothers of a product, has hidden them under a carriage covering, has crossed the Pakistan border and has handed over the car in luggage in port of Karachi. The trick has passed successfully, and since then repeated many times, inevitably bringing the Brotherhood high profits.

Since 1969 in a branch cannabis has started to react , thought up set of new smuggler tricks. It has constructed cannery where into aboriginal marihuana rolled up in banks on the Hawaiian Islands and sent to California; it has organised firm «Improbable Import», Japanese audio equipment filling with marihuana; and, at last, it has developed original technology of reception of a hemp oil and has arranged in the garage laboratory on its effecting.

The hemp oil has appeared very perspective goods. Soon one of leaders of the Brotherhood Ron Stark has personally visited Kandahar and by means of brothers has adjusted its effecting in Afghanistan. In parallel with this project in the Great Britain effecting synthetic a THC has been organised. With 1968 for 1971 the Brotherhood of Eternal Love has imported into the USA 2,7 hemp, has constructed 6 laboratories on effecting of a hemp oil and 2 factories on marihuana conservation.

Since 1971 the Brotherhood tested more and more accruing pressure from FBI and . For leading members of the organisation the constant supervision, allowed to trace hemp traffic has been established. In 1971 the Canadian customs in Vancouver had been confiscated 320 kg, in the beginning 1972 in Portland of 600 kg. The spring of the same year in Kandahar had been arrested the senior from brothers , and effecting of a hemp oil has been stopped. The majority of leaders of the Brotherhood have appeared in prison by 1974 Stark and bailed longer others and continued to be engaged in hemp contraband; however in the early eighties and they have been forced to curtail the activity.