The attention, memory and ability to training Symptoms of infringement of informative processes include attention decrease, memory impairment and abilities to logic conclusions. Hooker and Jones (1987) have found, that the unitary intoxication cannabis worsens attention and memory indicators. In this double blind research on «skilled consumers» (speaking on , chain smokers of a hemp) the standardised cigarettes containing a THC in number of 1,2 % from gross weight were used.

Control “placeboes” of a cigarette did not contain a THC, but in the rest were identical, so these effects can be attributed only . From this work also is admissible to draw breeding, that the intoxication a hemp at skilled consumers most strongly affects information processing in variating conditions, and on habitual, stereotypic activity of essential influence does not render. Cohen and Rickles (1974) reporting about tolerance growth to sharp (.

Concerning attention, memory and informative function) to infringements at the persons regularly abusing a hemp. Infringement of motor functions Experimental researches have shown negative influence of a hemp on psychomotor functions, for example, - on ability to car driving, control of airplane or the industrial equipment (certainly, all experiments were spent on training apparatus, instead of in the conditions of real activity). Even at «skilled consumers» time of reaction and ability of the decision of complex camera problems of phylum of tracing of object or attention division between several processes (Barnett, Licko and Thompson, 1985) worsens. In this work essential infringements have been noted in all assays, and functions were normalised only in 10 12 hours after smoking of one standardised cigarette with marihuana. Dependence At the person are possible both mental, and physical dependence on cannabis (Georgotas and Zeidenburg 1979, Compton et al 1990); also it has been described (Jones and Benowitz, 1976).

According to the modern concept of dependence (Edwards et al. 1981, the American Psychiatric Association, 1994), the main question on which it is necessary to answer - whether can lead hashish use to a strong habit, to a painful concentration on a drug, and problems with abandoning of it, despite desire to stop method? It is represented, that within the limits of such this point of view now there are sufficient certificates, that clinically distinct syndrome of dependence on a hemp exists. From 5 to 10 % of the consumers regularly using a hemp within 6 months and more, get dependence on it (the quantity see On probability of occurrence of dependence the dosing and directions of use in the given population influence. Mental distresses at cannabis cancellation * Most the general sign of a syndrome of cancellation - a sleeplessness. Its weight can vary from several nights on end absolutely without a sleep about several months when the sleeplessness arises from time to time. * other frequent symptom - depression (if only using will not run into painful euphoria), and then - nightmares and bright sleeps. Marihuana tends to depress dreams, therefore when the person is cleared of it, sleeps come back with the doubled force. It can be brightly imbued, emotionally packed sleeps or the nightmares sometimes accepted as a reality.

Having woken up and then again having fallen asleep, you again get to the same sleep. These nightly bright sleeps usually arise approximately in a week after abandoning of a drug and proceed about one month, and then gradually come to naught.

* Sleeps «with the use» (sleeps at which there is a marihuana smoking) happen very often and can proceed throughout several years, though and with smaller brightness, than in the first weeks; they are considered as the normal phenomenon for recover. * the fourth most the general symptom - irritability. It can vary for gradually accruing rage against constant irritability before subitaneous flashes of uncontrollable anger: anger for the whole world, anger on relatives, anger on itself - that has conceived a liking for a drug and that has refused it. Emotional peaks with the senses which are rushing about between depression, anger and euphoria, arise constantly. Sometimes there are senses of alarm or disturbing, loss of sense of humour, decrease in a sexual appetence or increase of a sexual appetence. The majority of these emotions is normalised within three months.

* Infringements of attention within the first weeks also it is very extended and sometimes during the short season even deprives of possibility to study Physical distresses * the Most frequent physical symptom - headaches. At those who them suffers, they can proceed from several weeks before couple of months, and to be very intensive in the first some days. Other often meeting distress - night , sometimes such strong, that it is necessary to change linen. It can last from several nights about one month or about that. - one of natural pathes of a body for disposal of toxins. palms also it meets often and accompanied unpleasant has begun to smell from arms. An odour from a body strong enough that in many cases the additional shower or a bath were necessary. * cough with - other path which the body clears itself. It can last during from several weeks about kind six months. * Third of the addicts answering questionnaire on a detoxication, have specified, that had problems with digestion within first several days (some - about six weeks). The main symptoms were appetite loss (sometimes sufficient for time loss of weight), stomachal gripes after meal, diarrheas and a nausea (sometimes with vomiting - is not more long than one two days). The majority of problems with digestion pass within a month. * bunch of physical distresses following on frequency - a tremor (shiver) or jolting, and also dizziness. There are pains in a back, an impotence, infringements of hormonal balance, immunodefence decrease, constant weariness, and insignificant infringements of sight which pass during 2 months less often.

The hemp - «narcotism gate» is often discussed a question on, whether the hemp “collars” for a narcotism, can be. To be a drug sharply increasing probability of transition to other narcotics. Now there is no scientific proof to that the hemp has specific property to provoke abuse by other phylums of drugs. In other words, in this respect the hemp is not more dangerous some tobacco or alcohol.

On the other hand, it is necessary to recognise (and the majority of people noticed it in the ordinary life), that regular method of any psychoawake material increases probability of the beginning of the use of other psychoawake materials (for example, among non-smoking teenagers frequency of the use of alcohol incomparably is less in comparison with smokers). Probably, this phenomenon has biological mechanisms in the basis, however meanwhile their presence is not proved. More likely, it is possible to explain it phenomena of socially psychologic order. Psychologic “barrier” before method of the materials which consumption is not welcomed by a society simply decreases. To difficultly itself to present, that never earlier smoking psychologic safe 15 summer teenager suddenly will start to be pricked by heroin. But it can easily try tobacco. The teenager who began to smoke daily half-packs of cigarettes, with probability will begin will become interested in beer, than yet not trying to smoke it a companion. If for the guy two three bottles of beer in a week have turned to norm, to it psychologic to try «the easy drug» a hemp much easier. Accordingly, to the inveterate consumer of a hemp also to “jump” on heroin as he has already got used to that as so regularly accepts the forbidden psychoawake material easier. Here an illustration from life - one of a heroin of addicts so has described a starting point of the disease: «With 9 a class I smoked a hemp, but the addict of did not feel. So, time in one two weeks plaid about. Heroin to use did not want, as perceived, in what it results (the young man was from monogynopaedium of doctors and has just passed examinations in medical But once I have come on« a point »behind a grass package, and its this day it has not appeared. I was in good mood after successfully handed over examinations and already« was adjusted »on a high. Annoyed, I have aloud told, not addressing to anybody in particular:« Today I even would be slipped by heroin ». It was enough that me at once have provided with a dose.» In two months it already had physical dependence on heroin. Recently, when the use of heroin among teenagers in large cities has ceased to be a rarity, transition to heroin from alcohol or even the beginning of narcotic career directly from heroin, passing both a hemp, and alcohol, meets much more often. However nevertheless in most cases the first method of heroin is preceded all the same by acquaintance to a hemp.

Psychodelic revolution - change of mass consciousness with the help the psychotechnician, a psychodelics and psychodelic art. The revolution purpose - «consciousness dilating» mankind, perfection of human abilities and building of such society where spiritual and scientific interests will prevail over economic and status.

The ideology of psychodelic revolution was generated in the USA in the early sixties hemp Preparations play it a role «small a psychodelics», which in itself do not dilate consciousness, buildings «conditions and installations» for its dilating however promote. All leading figures and theorists of revolution (including Timoti Leary) encourage the marihuana use, and the founder of “Neo-American Kleptoniansky Church Psihodelistov» Art Kleps names it «a small participle» (LSD is meant «the big participle»). «At the periodic use in a ritual context and in the presence of expectations of transformation of the consciousness, enhanced by culture of consumption, the hemp is capable to invoke almost all psychodelic effects which are peculiar hallucinogens», culturologist Terens Makkena, summing up writes to psychodelic revolution in the work «Nutrition of Gods».

In the USA psychodelic revolution descended from the middle of 1960th at awake participation of locomotion of hippie. «The summer of love» (1967) became revolution peak, and then it has gone on recession. In Europe similar process took place in 1970, and in Russia - in 1990th Revolution has not invoked radical rearrangement of mass consciousness, but has made considerable changes to cultural and social life of the countries where it has taken place. One of its most obvious consequences is the wide circulation of the use of a psychotropic hemp? In regions where this mean of intoxication was not earlier traditional.

The first stage of development of grassy plants, from germination before occurrence of the second pair the present leaves, marking itself the beginning of a stage of growth. At a hemp passes for some days in this connection on an open ground not always it is possible to make . From located between cotyledons first pair of the present leaves consisting from wide, pointed to end and jagged along the edges of plate develops. Then cotyledons wither and fall down, and from a bosom of the first pair there is second pair of the present leaves consisting of three blades. Thus the stalk should be within 5-10 see

If it is not enough light, he grows more long, that further can is negative affect its durability. In hothouse conditions this lack is easy for correcting - enough to establish a reflector or to place pots is more spacious.

On an open ground at growth of shoots above 10 sm it is necessary to thin out plants. Fructification Fructification - the period of a life of plants in which there is a formation and distribution of seeds. Hemp fruits - seeds of the oval form in a rigid two-folding cover - develop from the pollinated pistillate flowers and ripen within 30-60 days. Maturing occurs non-uniformly on inflorescence height, and rupture between its beginning and the end can make from 25 till 40 days.

The ripened seeds are showered on the earth, winter under a layer of leaves and stalks, and give new shoots in the spring.

plants soon dry up and die. In fructification the maximum is required to a hemp?, necessary for formation and maturing of seeds; requirement for nitrogen? And phosphorus?, On the contrary, a little bit more low, than during the previous periods. However top dressing is expedient for applying only when signs of potash insufficiency are appreciable. Much more important problem during this period - protection of plants against birds, mice and rats which can cause a considerable damage to a crop.

It is not less important to have time to reap a crop while the majority of seeds has already ripened, but has not had time to be showered yet. Cleaning of a hemp (on a fibre and seeds) is made for bilaterial use at maturing not less than 70 % of 80 % of seeds; at fuller maturing begins plentiful . With the fructification beginning a psychotropic cannabis the THC containing in inflorescences and leaves of a hemp, gradually decays, turning to much less active cannabis . At not impregnated plants the maintenance the THC does not decrease; of colours are formed , which then develop in false seeds (see Germination of seeds Germination of seeds of a hemp demands a moisture, oxygen and heat.

The first and the second is provided with properties of soil (humidity, friability of the top layer), the third - soil temperature (not more low +8. At germination seeds absorb about 50 % of a moisture on absolutely dry weight, duration of swelling about 40 hours. Reference temperature of germination +1. After absorption of a moisture from a seed the back gets under way and goes deep into soil, and then on a surface leave fleshy oval or cotyledons which quickly turn green.

The sprouted hemp maintains frosts to 4oC, at 6oC the majority of plants perishes. From crops before occurrence of shoots there pass approximately 10 days, the necessary sum of daily average temperatures nearby 120oC. Flowering of man’s and female plants of a hemp Flowering of man’s and female plants of a hemp (see and ) occurs in different terms. Man’s plants usually start to blossom in 8-9 weeks after crops. Terms of their flowering practically do not depend on duration of light day, they cannot neither be slowed down, nor to accelerate. In cases when presence of man’s plants on a site is undesirable, they need to be removed before flowers will be dismissed. Flowering of female plants begins for two four weeks later, than at man’s (at grades - almost simultaneously). Flowering terms are influenced by duration of dark time of days: usually starts to blossom, when night is extended more than at 1 o’clock (in an average strip of Russia - the beginning of August). In the conditions of a hothouse flowering can be accelerated or slowed down by change of duration of continuous illumination. Flowering in this case begins in 8-14 days after installation of the necessary light mode. In some weeks from the flowering beginning on female plants seeds start to be fastened.

From the beginning of flowering before maturing of seeds there passes about 60 days, the necessary sum of daily average temperatures of air about 1100 wasps.

Drugs (narcotics), 1. Strong preparations of deafening and anaesthetising action (, cocaine, an aether, chloroform, nitrogen, , etc.). Are applied at surgical operations and in therapy of sharp states. The frequent use of the same narcotic invokes habituation (tolerance see) and can lead to a narcotism. Now this term is considered become outdated; narcotics name «» or “anaesthesia” is more often.

2. The intoxicating materials forbidden for not medical use. According to definition of the world Organization of Public health services, the drug considers any material corresponding three to criteria: medical (it has specific an effect on the central excitatory system, leading to its not medical use), social (this not medical use gets social value) and legal (the special instance recognised as its narcotic and has included in the conforming list).

According to lists I and IV «the Uniform Convention on narcotics» (the United Nations see) «cannabis, pitch of cannabis and extracts (the oil extract, the Dairy extract see) and cannabis tinctures” are drugs and should fall under action of all articles of national antinarcotic laws. Nevertheless, in legal practice of many countries of Europe psy_hemp psychotropic preparations of a hemp concern bunch «Easy drugs”, sanctions on which are much softer, rather than on so-called to “Heavy drugs”.

«A brotherhood of eternal love» - the organisation of the American hippies based in 1966 in (California, the USA). Its sources had a well-known ideologist of psychodelic culture Timoti Leary, the rich dealer the real estate Bill Hitchcock, biochemist Ron Stark and Cambridge student-chemist Richard Kemp. The organisation was engaged in “consciousness dilating» the American youth by means of (all for years of its existence it has been sold about 20 kg), but was soon enough relaid to diffusion of other psychotropic materials, including products from a hemp.

In 1968 scouts of the Brotherhood have reached the Afghani city of Kandahar and have got acquainted with aboriginal businessmen brothers who have agreed to deliver them hemp on a constant basis. The same year Afghanistan was visited by Glenn Lind, one of the first members of the Brotherhood. It has arrived on the second-hand minibus bought in Germany, has got of 60 kg at brothers of a product, has hidden them under a carriage covering, has crossed the Pakistan border and has handed over the car in luggage in port of Karachi. The trick has passed successfully, and since then repeated many times, inevitably bringing the Brotherhood high profits.

Since 1969 in a branch cannabis has started to react , thought up set of new smuggler tricks. It has constructed cannery where into aboriginal marihuana rolled up in banks on the Hawaiian Islands and sent to California; it has organised firm «Improbable Import», Japanese audio equipment filling with marihuana; and, at last, it has developed original technology of reception of a hemp oil and has arranged in the garage laboratory on its effecting.

The hemp oil has appeared very perspective goods. Soon one of leaders of the Brotherhood Ron Stark has personally visited Kandahar and by means of brothers has adjusted its effecting in Afghanistan. In parallel with this project in the Great Britain effecting synthetic a THC has been organised. With 1968 for 1971 the Brotherhood of Eternal Love has imported into the USA 2,7 hemp, has constructed 6 laboratories on effecting of a hemp oil and 2 factories on marihuana conservation.

Since 1971 the Brotherhood tested more and more accruing pressure from FBI and . For leading members of the organisation the constant supervision, allowed to trace hemp traffic has been established. In 1971 the Canadian customs in Vancouver had been confiscated 320 kg, in the beginning 1972 in Portland of 600 kg. The spring of the same year in Kandahar had been arrested the senior from brothers , and effecting of a hemp oil has been stopped. The majority of leaders of the Brotherhood have appeared in prison by 1974 Stark and bailed longer others and continued to be engaged in hemp contraband; however in the early eighties and they have been forced to curtail the activity.

Hemp psychosis - the distress of psychics formed at long daily abuse by psychotropic preparations of a hemp. The choronomic signs, allowing to suspect psychosis presence - a hypotaxia of movements (in particular, gait and a small motility), a muffled pronunciation of words (as though speech members are extremely weakened), speech incoherence, a sluggish mimicry. For early stages of a hemp psychosis acoustical hallucinations, phobias, ideas supervaluable, delirium of prosecution, irritability, sensitivity are characteristic; at more serotinal stages apathy and depressive moods, sometimes - a constant addressless rage prevails. As a rule, the psychosis passes against strong mental dependence in this connection at early stages the state of the patient can temporarily be enriched at an intoxication by cannabises.

The basic difficulty of treatment of hemp psychoses consists that patients seldom realise the causes of deterioration of the state and accept marihuana and hemp as “medicine” for depression. At such attitude disease can proceed for many years, being accompanied social , progressing infringements of thinking and memory, weak-mindedness development.

At early stages (in the absence of memory and thinking infringements) disease does not demand special treatment: all symptoms usually disappear in some months after full abandoning of the hemp use. For a recover acceleration moderate exercise stresses, water procedures, vitamins are desirable; at strong irritability - tranquilizers, at an asthenia and apathy - (, pink etc.) and (, ). Heavy the syndrome at these stages meets extremely seldom but if reaction on is too painful, the detoxication course is recommended to pass.

At more serotinal stages patients require the obligatory hospitalisation which forecast is not always congenial.

Most widespread names: a hemp, cannabis, hashish, marihuana, hemp, the plan, a pipe, plasticine, pot, reefer, hemp, sinsemilla, ganga, bhang, herb, weed, boom, Mary Jane, gangster, chronic, and . the Hemp (Cannabis sativa, . A hemp a sowing campaign named also “Indian”) - a cultural plant which has set of applications. From it receive fibres for hempen ropes and do a fabric similar to the linen. Its stalks go on manufacture of a glossy paper and building plates. Its seeds can be used for birds. Oil from hemp seeds offered as fuel instead of the diesel. However the hemp has received the greatest popularity as raw materials for manufacturing of drugs. In an antiquity many people knew about the intoxication caused by a hemp. However, its consumption was carried out mainly in the “highly specialised” purposes - is religious mystical or medical - and has been strictly limited by cultural traditions and public morals. About drug reception «for entertainment» or simple reception of pleasure of speech did not go at all. Accordingly, there was no abusing - so, and its heavy consequences. However, eventually in India the hemp has lost the sacral value and by time of English colonisation was already used as entertainment means - with corresponding adverse results. In total in a hemp it is found about 400 organic connections. From them approximately 60 for the first time have been found out in it, therefore they name “cannabises” (some of cannabises anywhere more in the nature do not meet). ( active) the hemp beginning the subgroup of cannabises under the general name «» is operating. Among them in a hemp by quantity the delta 9 (a THC, and an English abbreviation - THC) most contains. Usually, speaking about narcotic substances of a hemp, mean it. We will adhere to the same order. Other substance prevailing among cannabises - «», about it while is known it is not enough. Except vegetative (found out in a hemp, cannabises), exist still synthetic - received in laboratory.

They are supposed to be used as medicines about what it will be told in corresponding section. That the most surprising, exist substances similar to cannabises which are developed naturally in an organism of mammals (including in a human body), and the first of them the connection named «» has been opened. Narcotic preparations of a hemp - the most widespread among the forbidden psychoactive substances in the world, and among all intoxicating substances on mass character of application they concede only to alcohol. Among preparations of a hemp the cores are two: * Dried up grassy (without roots) a part of a hemp which also name “marihuana”. These are similar to tobacco, as a rule - light brown or the green small ground dried leaves and stalks. The top parts of a plant containing more a THC are usually used. * the Pressed mix of pitch, pollen and small crushed tops and hemp inflorescences (”hemp”, “hashish”, “plan”) - darkly brown dense substance, on a consistence reminding the cooled plasticine (but less plastic) or a bark of a pith tree, on a paper leaves fat stains. There are also others not so popular. Practically all preparations of a hemp have sharp enough specific smell and bitter taste. Usually them smoke, mixing with tobacco or in the pure state, but there are also more exotic directions of use. Is minimum active dose pure makes a THC about 5 mg, from them during smoking from for a heat half of substance decays. Usually in one cigarette with marihuana contains about 20 mg. At inhalation of a smoke the effect is felt in some minutes, at the hashish use inside - in 30 120 minutes.

In this case the effect peak develops only in 2 3 hours. The subjective effect at smoking remains within 2 3 hours, in case of reception of preparations inside - 3 6 hours. Delta 9 we will well dissolve in fats, so - in fat-containing fabrics of a human body, in particular, in brain fabrics. It collapses in a liver, turning in two substances: 11 p a THC («11 OH a THC») and 11 p 9 p delta 9 THC («11 p a THC»). These substances (so-called « delta 9 THC») do not possess psychotropic activity, are unlike it water-soluble and are quickly deduced with urine and . However, the metabolism 9 THC delta in a liver occurs slowly enough and before to collapse, its considerable quantity has time to “be absorbed” by fabrics with the high maintenance of fats, including - fatty .

In them it collects, and then gradually again is allocated in blood. Thanks to this mechanism (time for which concentration of substance in blood decreases twice) the THC makes the semideducing period nearby 3 days. After the unique cigarette in urine a THC are found out throughout 3 days, in fatty fabrics - to 2 weeks; and at constant smokers of a hemp the THC is present at blood throughout a month and moreover after the use termination.